Which type of land survey allows an owner to legally build a fence or deck?

A boundary survey is the type of land survey that designates the exact lines of a property's boundaries, including corners and any physical markers. This is crucial for property owners who wish to establish legal limits for building structures, such as fences or decks. Knowing the precise boundaries ensures that the owner adheres to local zoning laws, avoids disputes with neighbors, and complies with any easements that may affect the property.

In contrast, a topographic survey focuses on the elevation and contours of the land, providing information on natural features and changes in terrain, which, while important for planning, does not define property lines. A site survey might include elements of a boundary survey but typically relates more to the placement of buildings and development on a property in relation to zoning regulations. An ALTA survey is more comprehensive than a standard boundary survey, focusing on issues pertinent to lenders and title companies, including additional details like encroachments and legal descriptions, but it may not be necessary for a simple fence or deck construction.

Understanding the distinctions between these surveys clarifies why a boundary survey is fundamental for legally determining where structures can be placed on a property.